Arduino Robot Catapult

Hello there fellow makers,

This instructable is my attempt to make a robot for the ‘ROBOTICS CONTEST’ competition in instructables. So here it is 🙂

I’ll start this instructable with a joke 🙂

Q: what’s the difference between men and boys?
A : the price of the toys

Having said that, lets make a toy!

What I wanted to accomplish is a fully automated, easy to use, robotic catapult. To add some more challenge I wanted the catapult to have an ‘auto-load’ feature, which means that there should be a magazine and loading mechanics.

As you can see in the video below, you can load balls in the magazine and the robot catapult will do the hard work for you. While designing the catapult I was looking for an easy method of controlling the catapult and came up with a ‘hands free’ controller.

Part List :

15 mm balls (bullets)

3D printed parts, can be found here

2x MG995 Servo motors

2x SG90 9G Servo motors

Arduino Uno Board

Arduino Uno sensor shield ( for easy motor connection )

Power Supply ( 2A , 5V recommended )

20x M3 Screws

20x M3 Nuts

20x M3 Brass nuts (insert)

8x M2 screws & nuts

Part List for the controller :

3D printed parts, can be found here and here (controller top & bottom)

2x IR Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor

RGB LED Ring 12 Bit WS2812 5050

1x M3 Screw & Brass nut

Step 1: Assemble the Catapult

Assembling the catapult is really easy, just connect the parts as shown in the images above. Please note that M3 brass nuts have be inserted by applying heat. You can use a soldering iron for this.

Step 2: Let the Beast Come to Life!

Ok, you have your catapult assembled and ready to have some fun! Now you’ll have to add some code to bring your new toy to life.

Connect the servo’s :

Servo motors work by applying a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal, which sets the servo motor position. To control servo motors from arduino you’ll have to use PWM pins ( 3,4,5,6,9,10 in Arduino UNO ), I’ve connected my servos as follows :

1. Base motor – pin 9
2. Tray motor- pin 6
3. Arm motor – pin 5
4. Tray lock motor – pin 3

Add some power :

You should not rely on your Arduino’s power supply to power your servo’s. An external power supply should be used (a 2A 5V should be enough). Connect the sensor shield to your power supply and make sure to set the sensor shield to use an external power source (by removing power select jumper).

Make it move!

You can use my code to bring your catapult to life, but I wish to challenge you to do it on your own!

If you’re new to arduino/programming here are some tips for you:

• Here’s a basic guide on how to use servo motors with arduino,
• Start with one motor and then add the others.
• Servo motors tend to react quickly, that’s not what you want. Add some code/delay to create a sweep effect when the motors move.
• Write your code like a story, make sure it’s readable. For example use proper naming for your variables (‘baseMotor’ and not ‘motor1’)
• Your catapult can load ‘bullets’ automatically from tray magazine, timing can tricky

Step 3: Add Animation With Led Ring

In this step we will add some animation and hands free remote control for our catapult! We will use led ring with 2 IR sensors to control our toy.

This will work as follows :

• In idle mode an animation will be played
• Blocking right IR sensor, catapult will turn right
• Blocking left IR sensor, catapult will turn left
• Blocking left and right IR sensors, catapult will fire

Some challenges and how to overcome them :

• Playing animation can block our code while sampling IR sensors, to resolve this I’ve used non blocking delay in Arduino.
• NeoPixel library and Servo code doesn’t play nice together, I’ve solved this by using Software Servo Library. Pleae note that the library have compilcation issues with the latest Arduino versions, to solve replace “#include “WProgram.h” with “#include “Arduino.h”

Source: Arduino Robot Catapult